Thursday, January 30, 2020
My Great Passion for Therapy Essay Example for Free
My Great Passion for Therapy Essay This paper entitled ââ¬Å"My Great Passion for Therapyâ⬠has several objectives. First, it intends to discuss the topic in psychology that interests me most ââ¬â ââ¬Å"therapyâ⬠. Another objective of this paper is to explain the aforementioned and state some of the types of therapy. Last but not least, it aims to share my personal preference, as well as, why I would like that kind of therapy to apply in case I become a therapist in the future. Therapy Defined à à à à à à à à à à à ââ¬Å"Therapyâ⬠is a standard terminology that explains the purpose of ââ¬Å"medical, psychiatric, psychological or alternative designed to promote health and well-beingâ⬠(World Self-Medication Industry n. p.). For me though, it means that, it is a kind of professional help that addresses a wide range of dilemmas related to the mental state of an individual. Types of Therapy à à à à à à à à à à à There are several types of therapy and some of these are the following: à à à à à à à à à à à First of all is known as ââ¬Å"psychoanalytic therapyâ⬠which has been established by ââ¬Å"Sigmund Freudâ⬠(Wagner n.p.). In this particular kind of therapy, the ââ¬Å"psychoanalytic therapistâ⬠obliges himself to attend to what the client/patient says about his or her life (Wagner n.p.). It is also technically referred to as ââ¬Å"talk therapyâ⬠because of that (Wagner n.p.). The ââ¬Å"psychoanalytic therapistâ⬠analyses the narration provided to him or her and find important occurrences that may contribute to the client/patientââ¬â¢s existing difficulties/hardships (Wagner n.p.). Furthermore, the ââ¬Å"psychoanalytic therapistâ⬠pays attention to the occurrences during the client/patientââ¬â¢s childhood days, ââ¬Å"unconscious emotions, opinion/judgment, as well as, motivationsà â⬠because they extremely believe that the aforementioned contribute largely to an individualââ¬â¢s ââ¬Å"mental illness, as well as, maladaptive behaviorsâ⬠(Wagner n.p.). Moreover, ââ¬Å"psychoanalytic therapyâ⬠is said to be ââ¬Å"exceedingly expensive, time-consuming, as well as, ineffectiveâ⬠, however, it is said that it has been very helpful as well since simply sharing personal thoughts, emotions, and problems, as well as, knowing that somebody is willing to listen already minimizes stress and tension on the part of the patient/client (Wagner n.p.). à à à à à à à à à à à The second is known as ââ¬Å"cognitive therapyâ⬠, a kind of therapy which actually looks into ââ¬Å"specific dilemmas or issuesâ⬠(Wagner n.p.). Here, the ââ¬Å"cognitive therapistâ⬠focuses on the unreasonable/illogical/flawed thoughts and insights (Wagner n.p.). This is because the ââ¬Å"cognitive therapistâ⬠believes that the aforementioned brings about ââ¬Å"dysfunctionsâ⬠(Wagner n.p.). What ââ¬Å"cognitive therapistâ⬠does is to help the patient/client alter his or her unreasonable/illogical/flawed thoughts and insights (Wagner n.p.). For instance, if a client/patient fears ââ¬Å"open spaces/crowded places/public placesâ⬠, then the ââ¬Å"cognitive therapistâ⬠will assist the client/patient to face that fear through actual experience (Wagner n.p.). The ââ¬Å"cognitive therapistâ⬠may help the client/patient to imagine himself or herself to be in such a situation/location before eventually exposing the client/patient to experience the actual fear (Wagner n.p.). That is what the ââ¬Å"cognitive therapistâ⬠will do until the aforementioned phobia is decreased or entirely eliminated (Wagner n.p.). In addition to the aforementioned, ââ¬Å"cognitive therapyâ⬠is said to be extremely helpful especially when it comes to depression- and anxiety-related cases (Wagner n.p.). à à à à à à à à à à à The third is technically referred to as ââ¬Å"group therapyâ⬠(Wagner n.p.). This is categorized under ââ¬Å"psychotherapyâ⬠wherein ââ¬Å"two or more clients work with one or more therapists or counselorsâ⬠(Wagner n.p.). Furthermore, this is usually carried out by ââ¬Å"support groupsâ⬠in order for the members of the group to discover and learn from other individualââ¬â¢s experiences and recommendations (Wagner n.p.). Moreover, ââ¬Å"group therapyâ⬠is advantageous because it provides emotional support to those who feel ââ¬Å"alone, isolated, or differentâ⬠(Wagner n.p.). Interestingly, ââ¬Å"group therapyâ⬠has been claimed to be ââ¬Å"more cost effective than individual psychotherapy and is oftentimes more effectiveâ⬠(Wagner n.p.). à à à à à à à à à à à The fourth is known as ââ¬Å"Solution-focused Brief Therapyâ⬠, which is utilized to address ââ¬Å"a wide range of dilemmas including the following: 1) anxiety; 2) depression; 3) mental health-related problems; 4) oppression experiences; 5) pain; 6) problems in sleeping; 7) work-related dilemmas; 8) relationship problems (including differences with children, with spouse, and with close friends); 9) stress; 10) substance abuse (including drugs and alcohol); 11) etcâ⬠(The Brief Therapy Practice n.p.). Here in the ââ¬Å"Solution-focused Brief Therapyâ⬠,à ââ¬Å"instead of solving problems, it builds solutionsâ⬠and so the modifications/transformations that may happen are unswerving, and thus, such changes are most likely to last (The Brief Therapy Practice n.p.). à à à à à à à à à à à Fifth is ââ¬Å"play therapyâ⬠, which typically addresses the developmental dilemmas of young individuals, i.e. children (Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research n.p.). A ââ¬Å"play therapistâ⬠is motivated to play, paint, and indulge themselves in other interesting activities in order for them to ââ¬Å"effortlessly communicate their emotions and feelings if they lack the cognitive development to articulate themselves with wordsâ⬠(Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research n.p.). à à à à à à à à à à à Last but not least is known as ââ¬Å"interpersonal therapyâ⬠, which is the kind of therapy that pays attention to the patient/clientââ¬â¢s ââ¬Å"current relationshipsâ⬠with other individuals (Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research n.p.). Here, the ââ¬Å"interpersonal therapistââ¬â¢sâ⬠main objective is to develop the patient/clientââ¬â¢s ââ¬Å"interpersonal skillsâ⬠for him or her to be able to properly ââ¬Å"relate to other individuals including his or her family, friends, and colleaguesâ⬠(Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research n.p.). In addition to that, the ââ¬Å"interpersonal therapistâ⬠plays a large role in the patient/clientââ¬â¢s assessment on his or her interaction with other people and ââ¬Å"develop strategies for dealing with relationship and communication problemsâ⬠(Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research n.p.). Personal Preference and Reasons for it à à à à à à à à à à à à à I prefer the fourth one. If I become a therapist I am most likely to choose ââ¬Å"Solution-focused Brief Therapyâ⬠because of the following reasons: à à à à à à à à à à à First of all, the more conventional/traditional types are all expensive (The Brief Therapy Practice n.p.). ââ¬Å"Solution-focused Brief Therapyâ⬠, on the other hand, is not; in fact, statistical information show that there are several ââ¬Å"economically-challengedâ⬠individuals go for this type of counseling/therapy to address their personal dilemmas simply because they cannot afford the luxurious fees of the other types of therapy suggested to them (The Brief Therapy Practice n.p.). In fact, this kind of psychological therapy may also be availed free of charge to those individuals ââ¬Å"who really do not have the capacity to pay but needed to solve a certain dilemmaâ⬠(The Brief Therapy Practice n.p.). à à à à à à à à à à à In addition to the aforementioned, I prefer ââ¬Å"Solution-based or Solution-focused Brief Therapyâ⬠because it is ââ¬Å"briefâ⬠(The Brief Therapy Practice n.p.). I must admit that I tend to get impatient with regards to waiting for positive results and so I like this one because it is said that a dilemma is addressed in not more than five sessions of counseling/therapy (The Brief Therapy Practice n.p.). Works Cited à Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. Psychotherapy: An Overview of the à Types of Therapy. 2008. n.a. 23 February 2008. http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/psychotherapy/MH00009 The Brief Therapy Practice. Solution Focused Brief Therapy. 2003. n.a. 23 February 2008. http://www.brieftherapy.org.uk/ Wagner, K.V. Types of Therapy. 2008. The New York Times Company. 23 February 2008. à à à à à à à à à à à http://psychology.about.com/od/psychotherapy/a/treattypes.htm World Self-Medication Industry. Therapy. 2004. n.a. 23 February 2008. à à à à à à à à à à à http://www.wsmi.org/glossary_st.htm
Wednesday, January 22, 2020
The Pros and Cons of Americas Superpower Status :: Politics Political Essays
The Pros and Cons of America's Superpower Status While reading Rourke, I found that the most interesting, debatable, and insightful issue from Rourke was Issue #3. "SHOULD AMERICA ABANDON ITS SUPERPOWER STATUS?" This is presented by Doug Bandow and Anthony Lake, in which Bandow takes the affirmative side of the issue and Lake the opposing stance. To fully explain this issue, I will not only look at the authors, but their stances on the issues, how their stances fit into the World System, Hegemons, and basic Perceptions. I will then go into the future looking at such items, as well as some thoughts of my own. Basically, I will show that a simple 'yes' or 'no' question is much more complicated and in-depth than one might think. So, with no further ado, let's get Rourking! I will first look at the 'Yes' [America should step down as a superpower] answer to our question, as presented by Doug Bandow. He presents a situation where America is the "Big Protector" and the source for assistance (in many situations) throughout the world. But, in a time when there is no war, no Cold War, and no need for a U.S. policeman, why should we continue on this path? Bandow wants us to bring our troops home who are on foreign soil, change our 'worldly' ways and concentrate on America. Sure, there may be people in the world who need our help, but there are people right here in America who need that same help. He wants us to step down as a superpower. This does not mean to become Isolationist, but certainly more self-centered. His situation is one where you are not a superpower, but just a (non-influential) power: a partner in the world and not its savior. With that said, we will move on to Anthony Lake. Lake is quite different from Bandow because Lake is a current Clinton administrator who gave a speech to the press and Bandow is a former Reagan administrator who wrote for a foreign research institute. [Bandow writes with educated intent; Lake writes/speaks to confirm current foreign policy.] Lake's speech does not dive deep into its own theory: Not to step down as a superpower. Lake presents a situation of America being one of two things. The first of which is an Isolationist country, which keeps to itself. This, of course, is not good because it leaves no room for trade, world relations, a prosperous America, or an up-beat Global Political Economy.
Monday, January 13, 2020
Different Types of Narration Essay
There are a variety of ways to narrate a story, but essentially they can be broken down into two main groups: first person narrative, and third person narrative. In the use of the first person narrator, the story is told through the eyes of the ââ¬ËIââ¬â¢ narrator. The first person narrator can only relate incidents that he or she has witnessed, and only he or she can interpreted the situation, therefore in this respect the first person narrative is limited. We must remember that a first person narrator in a novel is not the novelist but a character who sees things only in the light of his or her own point of view and coloured by his or her personality, therefore events are biased to the narratorââ¬â¢s opinion. This of course can be used to effect in books where the first person narrator is unreliable and therefore we are forced to see a false picture of events. For example in ââ¬ËThe Beachââ¬â¢ by Alex Garland, events are told by Richard, a backpacker in Bangkok. In the extract I have chosen, Richard recounts an encounter with ââ¬ËMister Duckââ¬â¢, who, at the beginning of he book, commits suicide. In the extract below, it is only the second time that Richard ââ¬Ëmeetsââ¬â¢ ââ¬ËMister Duckââ¬â¢, the first being when Richard was feverish. Therefore we can easily presume that Richard was hallucinating when he first ââ¬Ëmetââ¬â¢ ââ¬ËMister Duckââ¬â¢ but in this extract, it is hard to tell, from the way Richard narrates it, that ââ¬ËMister Duckââ¬â¢ is imaginary: Mister Duck sat in his room on the Khao San Road. Heââ¬â¢d pulled back one of the newspapers that covered the window and was peering down to the street. Behind him, strewn across his bed, were coloured pencils, obviously the ones heââ¬â¢d used to draw the map. The map was nowhere in sight so maybe heââ¬â¢d already tacked it to my door. I saw that his shoulders were shaking. ââ¬ËMister Duck?ââ¬â¢ I said cautiously. He turned, scanned the room with a puzzled frown and, then spotted me through the strip of mosquito netting. ââ¬ËRichâ⬠¦ Hi.ââ¬â¢ Of course, through first person narrative, we develop a more intimate relationship with the narrator because we have their character and way of thinking forced upon us, which in cases can make you sympathise more with this character, as you know their private emotions that they would not show openly. For example in ââ¬ËThe Remains of the Dayââ¬â¢ the use of the first person narrator creates suspense and mystery over the intense relationship between Stevens and Miss Kenton. Also in this extract, we feel Stevenââ¬â¢s character imposed on the story as his unquestioning faith and dedication to his job cost him dearly his personal life. And finally Stevens unwavering sense of duty and reserve at all times leading him to deny his emotions eventually drive away the woman he loved. As demonstrated in the extract I have chosen: As I was bolting the door, I noticed Miss Kenton waiting for me, and said: ââ¬ËI trust you had a pleasant evening, Miss Kenton.ââ¬â¢ She made no reply, so I said again, as we were making our way across the darkened expanse of the kitchen floor; ââ¬ËI trust you had a pleasant evening, Miss Kenton.ââ¬â¢ ââ¬ËI did, thank you, Mr Stevens.ââ¬â¢ ââ¬ËIââ¬â¢m pleased to hear that.ââ¬â¢ Behind me, Miss Kentonââ¬â¢s footsteps came to a sudden stop and I heard her say: ââ¬ËAre you not in the least interested in what took place tonight between my acquaintance and I Mr Stevens?ââ¬â¢ ââ¬ËI do not mean to be rude, Miss Kenton, But I really must return upstairs without further delay. The fact is, events of a global significance are taking place in this house at this very moment.ââ¬â¢ ââ¬ËWhen are they not, Mr Stevens? Very well, if you must be rushing off, I shall just tell you that I accepted my acquaintanceââ¬â¢s proposal.ââ¬â¢ ââ¬ËI beg your pardon, Miss Kenton?ââ¬â¢ ââ¬ËHis proposal of marriage.ââ¬â¢ ââ¬ËAh, is that so, Miss Kenton? Then may I offer you my congratulations.ââ¬â¢ ââ¬ËThank you, Mr Stevens. Of course, Iââ¬â¢ll be happy to serve out my notice. However, should it be that you are able to release me earlier, we would be very grateful. My acquaintance begins his new job in the West Country in two weeksââ¬â¢ time.ââ¬â¢ ââ¬ËI will do my best to secure a replacement at the earliest opportunity, Miss Kenton. Now if you will excuse me, I must return upstairs.ââ¬â¢ I started to walk away again, but then when I had all but reached the doors out to the corridor, I heard Miss Kenton say: ââ¬ËMr Stevens,ââ¬â¢ and thus turned once more. She had not moved, and consequently she was obliged to raise her voice slightly in addressing me, so that it resonated rather oddly in the cavernous spaces of the dark and empty kitchen. ââ¬ËAm I to take itââ¬â¢ she said, ââ¬Ëthat after the many years of service I have given in this house, you have no more words to greet the news of my possible departure than those you have just uttered?ââ¬â¢ ââ¬ËMiss Kenton, you have my warmest congratulations. But I repeat, there are matters of global significance taking place upstairs and I must return to my post.ââ¬â¢ Pages 218-219 In this extract we are frustrated by Stevens reserve and lack of emotion, and without the story being told form his side we might have felt Stevens to be cold hearted and distance and therefore dislike him. But in fact we pity his actions and feel moved. An autobiographical persona such as Pip in Dickens ââ¬ËGreat Expectationsââ¬â¢, are not to be taken as complete or even accurate portraits of their authors ââ¬â they are often no more than studies in self criticism: I was quite as dejected on the first working-day of my apprenticeship as in that after-time; but I am glad to know that I never breathed a murmur to Joe while my indentures lasted. It is about the only thing I am glad to know of myself in that connexion. For, though it includes what I proceed to add, all the merit of what I proceed to add was Joeââ¬â¢s. It was not because I was faithful, but because Joe was faithful, that I never ran away and went for a soldier or a sailor. It was not because I had a strong sense of the virtue of industry, but because Joe had a strong sense of the virtue of industry, that I worked with tolerable zeal against the grain. It is not possible to know how far the influence of any amiable honest-hearted duty-going man flies out into the world; but it is very possible to know how it has touched oneââ¬â¢s self in going by, and I know right well that any good that intermixed itself with my apprenticeship came of plain contented Joe, and not of restless aspiring discontented me. In the same way the innumerable portraits by artists of their friends, enemies or acquaintances are notoriously one sided, exaggerated and even on occasion, libellous. In a first person narrative, the use of interior monologue can be used where the reader is allowed inside the mind of the narrator and so we can hear their inner thought. For example in Ernest Hemingwayââ¬â¢s ââ¬ËA farewell to Armsââ¬â¢, when Henry hears that his wife is gravely ill we receive an interior monologue: The nurse went into the room and shut the door. I sat outside in the hall. Everything was gone inside of me. I did not think. I could not think. I knew she was going to die and I prayed that she would not. Donââ¬â¢t let her die. Oh, God, please donââ¬â¢t let her die. Iââ¬â¢ll do anything for you if you wonââ¬â¢t let her die Please, please, please dear God, donââ¬â¢t let her die. Dear God, donââ¬â¢t let her die. Pleas, please, please donââ¬â¢t let her die, God, please make her not die. Iââ¬â¢ll do anything you say if you donââ¬â¢t let her die. You took the baby but donââ¬â¢t let her die ââ¬â that was all right but donââ¬â¢t let her die. Please, please, dear God, donââ¬â¢t let her die. Here we feel that the character is deeply involved in his surroundings and what is happening, the events he is recounting are extremely emotional and moving, but this is not always the case. In ââ¬ËNauseaââ¬â¢ by Jean-Paul Satre, it is the story of an observer of life in a small cafà ¯Ã ¿Ã ½, and here the narrator is totally withdrawn from his surrounding, as though watching it on television. The narrator is distanced from events and the book is almost like a third person narrative in the sense that he is telling the story of the lives of those sitting around him, but of course true to first person narration he is interpreting the situation into how he sees it: It is half past one. I am at the Cafà ¯Ã ¿Ã ½ Mably, eating a sandwich, and everything is more or less normal. In any case, everything is always normal in cafà ¯Ã ¿Ã ½s and especially in Cafà ¯Ã ¿Ã ½ Mably, because of the manager, Monsieur Fasquelle, who has a vulgar expression in his eyes which is very straightforward and reassuring. It will soon be time for his afternoon nap and his eyes are already pink, but his manner is still lively and decisive. He is walking among the tables and speaking confidentially to all the customers: ââ¬ËIs everything all right, Monsieur?ââ¬â¢ I smile at seeing him so lively: when his establishment empties, his head empties too. Between two and four the cafà ¯Ã ¿Ã ½ is deserted, and then Monsieur Fasquelle takes a few dazed steps, the waiter turn out the lights, and he slips into unconsciousness: when this man is alone, he falls asleep. The second type of narrative is third person narration. The narrator is omniscient, that is, able to move between characters, situations, and locations at any point, and granted full access to charactersââ¬â¢ thoughts, feelings, and motivation. This is the advantage that third person narration has over first person, yet a sense of intimacy with the characters is harder to achieve. Some narrators might comment on the events taking place in the novel as they unfold, and even interpose their own views; the Victorian novelists such as Charles Dickens were adept at this manner of intervention, for example in ââ¬ËA Christmas Carolââ¬â¢, Dickens talks directly to the reader to convey his thoughts and ideas: Marley was dead, to begin with. There is no doubt whatever about that. The register of his burial was signed by the clergyman, the clerk, the undertaker, and the chief mourner. Scrooge signed it. And Scroogeââ¬â¢s name was good upon ââ¬ËChange for anything he chose to put his hand toââ¬â¢. Old Marley was dead as a door-nail. Mind! I donââ¬â¢t mean to say that I know, of my own knowledge, what there is particularly dead about a door-nail. I might have been inclined, myself, to regard a coffin-nail as the deadest piece of ironmongery in the trade. But the wisdom of out ancestors is in the simile; and my unhallowed hands shall not disturb it, or the countryââ¬â¢s done for. You will therefore permit me to repeat, emphatically, that Marley was as dead as a door-nail. Alternatively, the author might limit the narratorââ¬â¢s overt presence, and recount the narrativeââ¬â¢s events as directly as possible. A third-person narrator might have a limited point of view, confined to only one or a few characters, as in much of Emily Brontà ¯Ã ¿Ã ½Ã¢â¬â¢s ââ¬ËWuthering Heightsââ¬â¢, where the author is wholly absent and uses the characters to tell the story. Therefore she never directly interrupts the story to make a direct comment or moral judgement on the action of the characters. We notice that Emily Brontà ¯Ã ¿Ã ½ in ââ¬ËWuthering Heightsââ¬â¢ uses narrators that are involved in the proceedings and therefore these people try to inflict their point of view on the reader. In this case it is to emphasise the point that the relationship between Heathcliff and Cathy is unique and not something that Nelly, or Lockwood (Wuthering Heightââ¬â¢s two main narrators) will never fully comprehend as only Heathcliff and Cathy can explain their love for each other. She rung the bell till it broke with a twang: I entered leisurely. It was enough to try the temper of a saint, such senseless, wicked rages! There she lay dashing her head against the arm of the sofa, and grinding her teeth, so that you might fancy she would crash them to splinters! Mr Linton stood looking at her in sudden compunction and fear. He told me to fetch some water. She had no breath for speaking. I brought a glass full; and, as she would not drink, I sprinkled it on her face. In a few seconds she stretched herself out stiff, and turned up her eyes, while her cheeks, at once blanched and livid, assumed the aspect of death. Linton looked terrified. ââ¬ËThere is nothing in the world the matter,ââ¬â¢ I whispered. I did not want him to yield, though I could not help being afraid in my heart. ââ¬ËShe has blood on her lips!ââ¬â¢ he said, shuddering. ââ¬ËNever mind!ââ¬â¢ I answered tartly. And I told him how she had resolved previous to his coming, on exhibiting a fit of frenzy. In some cases the events of the story are told through an impersonal narrative. This impersonal narrator then relates the story through the senses of different character, presenting the reader with a more rounded picture. For example in ââ¬ËThe Tesseractââ¬â¢ by Alex Garland, the story is told from many points of view, quickly changing between one characterââ¬â¢s perspective to another, each time the story being told from that characters sense and feeling. In the extract below we witness the situation from three of the character point of view The telephone made for an indifferent witness. But Seanââ¬â¢s reflection in the bathroom mirror, making contact as he turned away from the vent, was less detached. Even under pressure, the sight was arresting. His face seemed to be in a state of flux. Unable to resolve itself, like a cheap hologram or a bucket of snakes, the lips drew back while the jaw relaxed, the stare softened while the frown hardened. Fear, Sean thought distantly. Rare that one got to see what it actually looked like. Other peopleââ¬â¢s, sure, but not your own. Intrigued, he leaned close to the mirror, ignoring the footsteps that were already working their way up the stairs. ââ¬ËAaaah, weââ¬â¢re going to be late,ââ¬â¢ said Don Pepe, breaking the tense silence of the last five minutes. Jojo nodded and nervously pushed his thumbs into the padding around the steering wheel. ââ¬ËYes, sir, we are. Iââ¬â¢m sorry.ââ¬â¢ Jojo paused a moment before saying ââ¬ËYes, sirââ¬â¢ again. He was leaving time for Teroy to add his own apology. After all, heââ¬â¢d been the one who had suggested Hotel Patay in the first place. But Teroy, sitting in the passenger seat, wasnââ¬â¢t saying a word. No sense diverting Don Pepeââ¬â¢s irritation on to him, when he could keep his head down and his mouth shut and let Jojo take all the abuse. Fair enough. Jojo would have been doing the same if their roles had been reversed. The narrator is very important in a story as the narrator is responsible for the way a story is conveyed to its reader, or its point of view. The variety of ways that the author can manipulate the narrator and his or her point of view in order to gain maximum control over the work as a whole is often the essence of whether the reader gained the desired effect set by the author.
Sunday, January 5, 2020
The Debate Over Ritalin Use by Children with ADHD
1. Introduction For years, the topic of Ritalin, the use of the drug and its short and long term effects has been a controversial one. People who have Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) have abnormally low amounts of the neurotransmitting chemical Dopamine in their brains. This chemical plays an important role in the brain as it helps with signal transmission between the neurons. ADHD sufferers have difficulty concentrating and learning, they find it difficult to sit still and are often overly energetic. They get distracted very easily and struggle to focus and complete a task at hand. Ritalin helps reduce these symptoms as it stimulates the production of more dopamine in the brain. This gives for better signal transmissionâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦2.2 Ritalin and the Risks of Substance Abuse Matthew Shulman U.S. news journalist, March 2008 This source is a report on the study conducted by Harvard researchers. A U.S. News journalist (Schulman) spoke with Brian Doyle, a clinical professor of Psychology at Georgetown University Medical Center and fellow of the American College of Psychologists, about the results obtained from a study he helped conduct. Doyle shared that children with ADHD who use Ritalin or other stimulant medications have a significantly lower chance of developing substance abuse problems during their adolescent years. However, the latest studies, including one that has been running for 19 years, show that although the stimulant drugs seem to lower the chances of substance abuse in adolescents, its effects of lowering ones chances are gone by the time the patient reaches adulthood (early 20ââ¬â¢s). He stated that after 10 years of research on the same group of Ritalin users, no link was found between the use of the stimulant in children and later drug abuse problems. The information is valid and useful as the researchers who conducted the study are professionals on the topic as they have been working on many different studies on the topic for a number of years. The one study was carried out for 19 years. This makes the results more reliable and valid. The limitations of thisShow MoreRelatedAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), Ritalin, and the Brain1606 Words à |à 7 PagesAttention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Ritalin, and the Brain Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, more commonly referred to as simply ADHD, is the most commonly diagnosed disorder among American children today. According to the National Institute on Mental Health an estimated 3 to 5 percent of school age children are affected by this disorder. (1) There are more diagnosed cases of ADHD of in the United States than there are anywhere in the world. 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It is estimated that between 3 and 12 percent of the population has to deal with conditions known as Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) or Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD). This equals approximately 3 million children in the United States alone. Both of these disorders (ADD and ADHD) exhibit the same traits leading them to be lumped together. Children affectedRead More ADHD - Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder Essay1985 Words à |à 8 PagesADHD - Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder When I first heard about ADHD (Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder), I thought, ââ¬Å"Cââ¬â¢mon. This psycho-babble has gone too far.â⬠I saw psychologists, researchers, lawyers, teachers, parents, all talking seriously about this claimed disorder. But what I didnââ¬â¢t think about was where this information was coming from. Many talk shows have featured ADHD, where self-righteous citizens cheer, boo, and hiss like a jury at some medieval witchRead MoreThe Prevalence And Overprescription Of Adhd Drugs3134 Words à |à 13 Pagesabout the prevalence and overprescription of ADHD drugs in the US. It highlights my ability to construct a logical, concise argument as well as my interest in writing about science for a larger audience. America s Need for Speed Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, commonly referred to as ADHD, is the most commonly diagnosed mental disorder among minors in the United States according to the journal of Policy History (309). Treatment for ADHD as a mental illness involves behavioral conditioningRead MoreAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ( Adhd )853 Words à |à 4 Pagesacronym as ADHD, is one of the ââ¬Å"hot topicsâ⬠constantly being discussed in todayââ¬â¢s psychological field. Interestingly, the debate is on whether or not ADHD is a real mental disorder. The community is divided into two distinct groups. One group believes that ADHD is a real mental disorder and should be treated as such. Others, however, believe that ADHD isnââ¬â¢t a disorder at all, rather it is a ploy driven by the pharmaceutical companies in order to increase sales of stimulants such as Ritalin. Within thisRead MoreAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ( Adhd )999 Words à |à 4 Pageshyperactivity disorder (ADHD) signifies a major public health problem. Diagnoses continue to rise each year, yet the rates of treated ADHD are declining. There is a lot of controversy about treatments for ADHD today. Helpful treatment options like medications and therapies are receiving negative views with many saying that treatment is not necessary or the negatives outweigh the benefits. Those against treatment cite problems like substance abuse and negative side effects. However, ADHD greatly impacts aRead More Is ADHAD Over-Diagnosed? Essay1398 Words à |à 6 PagesThere has been an ongoing debate about whether the mental disorder ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder) is over-diagnosed. ADHD is commonly diagnosed in people, more specifically children, who lack the ability to pay attention, are often disruptive, are hyperactive, and impulsive. A medical personnel or a psychologist diagnoses the children using a list of criteria. It is only in recent years that doctors have begun researching b etter and more effective ways to diagnosis patients usingRead MoreAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Essay1325 Words à |à 6 PagesAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder is a condition that creates a great deal of discussions among professionals. There are numerous debates that surround this disorder. There are theoryââ¬â¢s presented from each side about what causes it, how to asses it, and how to deal with it effectively. The first question needing answered is what is ADHD? ADHD is a set of behavioral problems revolving around three main symptoms. The chief symptom that a person exhibits is the incapacity to keep their attentionRead MoreChildren Should Be Prescribed Medication1879 Words à |à 8 Pagesperformed during 2005 through 2011, millions of youth ages 3 to 17 live with some type of mental health issue which includes behavioral and emotional problems (Brody, et al., 2013; Table I). This statistic brings up the concern of premature and/or over prescribing of medication to these youth and the effect that it has on them. Continuing studies are necessary to provide reasonable guidelines of when a child or youth should be prescribed medication based on short and long term effects. In addition
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